Fourth generation CD player : still only the "subcode output" instead of the coaxial 75 Ohm digital PCM output of the bigger but contemporary CDP-552ESD.
The rest, inside, is pretty close if slightly less expensively built but with very solid and long lasting overall assembly - typical 1980s Sony :)
Beefy power-supply and proper copper heatsinking nevertheless.
The d/a section inside the CDP-302ES is all-Sony, ending with two 16-bit CX-20152.
The entire audio board is the same as the one in the little non-ES CDP-102 which was mainly sold within Liberty systems in Japan.
The drive inside is a BU-1 ("Base Unit") with a high laser output of 0,6mW (vs. the usual 0,4mW) ; output op'amps are JRC NJM45060S.
The BU mechanism/drive doesn't look like exactly those in the later X7 players but the system is the same : magnetic linear rails, super-fast movements and, again, very long life.
Upper was the CDP-502ES.